Comparativi e superlativi

Comparativi

Comparativo di maggioranza (più... di)

Aggettivi corti (1 sillaba o 2 sillabe brevi)

• Aggettivo + ER + than;
• Esempi:
  • fast → faster than: This car is faster than that one.
  • big → bigger than: Rome is bigger than Florence.
  • old → older than: My brother is older than me.

Aggettivi lunghi (2+ sillabe)

• MORE + aggettivo + than;
• Esempi:
  • important → more important than: Health is more important than money.
  • dangerous → more dangerous than: This road is more dangerous than the other.
  • expensive → more expensive than: The fine is more expensive than expected.

Regole ortografiche per +ER

• Aggettivi che finiscono in -e: aggiungi solo -r (large → larger);
• Aggettivi che finiscono in -y: y → i + er (happy → happier);
• Aggettivi monosillabi con vocale-consonante: doppia consonante (big → bigger, hot → hotter).

Comparativo di uguaglianza (tanto... quanto)

Forma

• AS + aggettivo + AS.

Esempi

• He is as tall as his brother.
• This car is as expensive as that one.
• She runs as fast as him.

Forma negativa

• NOT AS + aggettivo + AS (= meno);
• He is not as tall as his brother.

Comparativo di minoranza (meno... di)

Forma

• LESS + aggettivo + than.

Esempi

• This case is less complicated than the other.
• The fine was less expensive than I thought.

Alternativa: NOT AS + adj + AS

• This case is not as complicated as the other (= less complicated).

Superlativi

Superlativo (il/la più... di tutti)

Aggettivi corti

• THE + aggettivo + EST;
• Esempi:
  • fast → the fastest: This is the fastest car.
  • big → the biggest: Rome is the biggest city in Italy.
  • old → the oldest: He is the oldest in the family.

Aggettivi lunghi

• THE MOST + aggettivo;
• Esempi:
  • important → the most important: This is the most important case.
  • dangerous → the most dangerous: This is the most dangerous road in the city.
  • expensive → the most expensive: This is the most expensive fine.

Forma negativa: il meno

• THE LEAST + aggettivo;
• He is the least experienced officer.

Con specificazione

• THE + superlativo + IN/OF + luogo/gruppo;
• The biggest city in Italy.
• The best officer of the team.

Aggettivi irregolari

Esempi

• This case is better than the previous one.
• That driver is the worst I have ever seen.
• The accident was further than I thought.

FARTHER vs FURTHER

• FARTHER: distanza fisica (the farther city);
• FURTHER: significato esteso, anche concettuale (further information);
• In molti contesti sono usati come sinonimi.

Strutture comparative speciali

THE...THE... (più... più...)

• The faster, the better. (Più veloce, meglio.)
• The earlier you arrive, the more time you have.

Comparativi raddoppiati (sempre più)

• More and more people use the metro.
• The traffic is getting worse and worse.

"TWICE/HALF AS... AS"

• Twice as expensive as: due volte più caro.
• Half as fast as: la metà della velocità.

Confronto schemi

Comparativo

Superlativo

Per la Polizia Locale

Descrivere casi

• This case is more complicated than the previous one.
• This is the most serious accident this year.
• The new procedure is better than the old one.
• This driver was drunker than the others.

Confrontare persone

• He is older than his brother.
• She is the youngest witness.
• The driver was less cooperative than expected.

Confrontare situazioni

• The traffic was heavier than usual.
• This area is the safest in the city.
• The fine is more expensive than I thought.

Esempi nel verbale

• The vehicle was traveling faster than the speed limit.
• This is the most dangerous intersection in the area.
• The damage was less serious than expected.

Errori comuni

1. Doppio comparativo

• ❌ More faster → ✅ faster (solo +ER)
• ❌ More better → ✅ better (irregolare)

2. Forma scorretta

• ❌ Importanter → ✅ More important
• ❌ Most fastest → ✅ The fastest

3. Confondere THAN / AS

• ❌ Bigger as → ✅ Bigger than
• ❌ As big than → ✅ As big as

4. Articolo nei superlativi

• ❌ He is fastest → ✅ He is the fastest

Quiz mentale

Form the comparative or superlative:

1. This car is _____ (fast) than mine. → faster
2. She is _____ (young) of all. → the youngest
3. This is _____ (good) restaurant in town. → the best
4. The traffic is _____ (bad) than yesterday. → worse
5. This problem is _____ (important) than that. → more important

Per il concorso

Domanda tipica

"How do you form comparatives and superlatives in English?"

Risposta:

Comparativi di maggioranza:

• Aggettivi corti (1 sillaba o 2 brevi): adj + ER + than (faster than, bigger than);
• Aggettivi lunghi (2+ sillabe): MORE + adj + than (more important than).

Comparativi di uguaglianza:

• AS + adj + AS (as fast as);
• Negativa: not as ... as.

Comparativi di minoranza:

• LESS + adj + than.

Superlativi:

• Aggettivi corti: THE + adj + EST (the fastest);
• Aggettivi lunghi: THE MOST + adj (the most important);
• Minimo: THE LEAST + adj.

Irregolari: good → better → best, bad → worse → worst, far → farther/further → farthest.

Per la PL: confronti in verbali (more serious, faster than limit), descrizioni (the most dangerous intersection).